American Toby Jug Museum 

Cromwell toby jug produced by William Kent of Burslem, England, circa 1910. Oliver Cromwell (1599-1658) rose from the middle ranks of English society to be Lord Protector of England, Scotland and Ireland, the only non-royal ever to hold that position. He played a leading role in bringing Charles I to trial and execution; he undertook the most complete and brutal military conquest ever waged by the English over their neighbors; and he championed a degree of religious freedom otherwise unknown in England before the previous one hundred years. A radical Parliamentarian and a natural soldier, Cromwell led the Roundheads to decisive victories over the Cavaliers in the British Civil War. After the execution of Charles I in 1649, Cromwell ordered the subjugation of Ireland, and, with his New Model Army, invaded Scotland and forced the nobility to submit. Cromwell further asserted his power and established the Instrument of Government, awarding himself the office of Lord Protector. Succeeded in death by his son, Richard, Cromwell's Commonwealth did not succeed and the Monarchy was restored by 1660.